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শুক্রবার, ৩০ নভেম্বর, ২০১২
Why Mumbai is so gripped by the status of right-wing Bal Thackeray
Mumbaikars closely followed news that one of their city's most controversial political leaders may be critically ill, resurfacing questions about succession.?
Supporters stand in front of large photos of Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray outside his residence in Mumbai, India, Thursday. News that Thackery may be critically ill lead to a surge of supporters in thousands outside his residence.
Rafiq Maqbool/AP
EnlargeReports that controversial right-wing leader Bal Thackeray was critically ill put Mumbai on tense hold for much of Thursday while raising questions about the future of his party, the Shiv Sena, which controls the city government and is an important member of India?s opposition group, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance.
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Parts of Mumbai reportedly shut down Thursday in anticipation of trouble from Sainiks, as the members of his party are known, gathered in large numbers near the residence of the Thackerays. By evening, the 86-year-old?s condition was reported to be stable and a parade of the city?s powerful and famous was visiting the leader?s home amid tight security.?
Thackeray's declining health is putting the spotlight on the fragile state of his party,?which has been riddled by succession struggles for more than a decade and has seemed unable to move beyond its founder?s polarizing identity politics.?
In the four decades of its existence, the Shiv Sena has targeted ??sometimes violently???south Indian migrants to the city, Muslims, so-called symbols of?Western culture like Valentine?s Day, and more recently, north Indian migrants. Earlier this month, Mr. Thackeray reiterated his opposition to cricket matches between the Indian and Pakistani teams in a front-page editorial in the party newspaper,?Saamna, asking party activists to stop such matches from being held in the country.
Shiva's Army
A political cartoonist known for his barbed rhetoric, Mr. Thackeray formed the Shiv Sena (Shiva?s Army) in the 1960s in the wake of the successful movement for the formation of the state of Maharashtra with Mumbai as its capital. Not unlike Tammany Hall in New York, the Sena promoted the interests of local Maharashtrians or ?sons of the soil? against the influx of migrant workers to Mumbai, historically India?s most cosmopolitan city and its commercial headquarters, through a network of street cadres.
The Sena?s power grew in the 1970s and 1980s, at the expense of the Communists. Thackeray?s invocation of a proud, native identity especially through the historical figure of Shivaji, a 17th century Hindu Maratha warrior who fought the Muslim Mughals and established a Hindu kingdom, found resonance with disaffected young men at a time of declining industrial jobs. During the ?80s and ?90s, the party members? rough-and-ready tactics gave Thackeray the power to shut down the city.
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AP source: Strauss-Kahn, NY hotel maid to settle
This combo made from file photos shows former International Monetary Fund chief leader Dominique Strauss-Kahn on May 19, 2011, left, and Nafissatou Diallo on July 28, 2011, in New York. A person familiar with the case says Strauss-Kahn and Diallo, a New York City hotel maid who accused him of trying to rape her, have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit. The person spoke to The Associated Press on Thursday on condition of anonymity to discuss the private negotiation. The details of the deal are unknown. (AP Photo, File)
This combo made from file photos shows former International Monetary Fund chief leader Dominique Strauss-Kahn on May 19, 2011, left, and Nafissatou Diallo on July 28, 2011, in New York. A person familiar with the case says Strauss-Kahn and Diallo, a New York City hotel maid who accused him of trying to rape her, have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit. The person spoke to The Associated Press on Thursday on condition of anonymity to discuss the private negotiation. The details of the deal are unknown. (AP Photo, File)
FILE - In this April 4, 2012 photo, former International Monetary Fund leader, Dominique Strauss-Kahn enters a building prior to his lecture in the Ukrainian Diplomatic Academy in Kiev, Ukraine. A person familiar with the case says the former International Monetary Fund chief and a New York City hotel maid who accused him of trying to rape her have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit. The deal would end a legal saga that forced Strauss-Kahn's resignation as head of the IMF and ended his French presidential ambitions in 2011. (AP Photo/Sergei Chuzavkov)
FILE- In this Aug. 22, 2011 file photo, Nafissatou Diallo, the hotel housekeeper who accused Dominique Strauss-Kahn of sexually assaulting her, leaves a state office building in New York. A person familiar with the case says the New York City maid and the former International Monetary Fund chief w who was accused of trying to rape her, have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit. The deal would end a legal saga that forced Strauss-Kahn's resignation as head of the IMF and ended his French presidential ambitions in 2011. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig, File)
NEW YORK (AP) ? Former International Monetary Fund chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn and a hotel maid who accused him of trying to rape her have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit, likely ending a legal saga that forced the onetime French presidential contender's resignation and opened a floodgate of accusations against him, a person familiar with the case said Thursday.
Details of the deal, which comes after prosecutors dropped related criminal charges last year, weren't immediately known and likely will be veiled by a confidentiality agreement. That could prevent the two from speaking publicly about a May 2011 encounter that she called a brutally sudden attack and he termed a consensual "moral failing."
Lawyers for Strauss-Kahn and the housekeeper, Nafissatou Diallo, made the as-yet-unsigned agreement within recent days, with Bronx Supreme Court Justice Douglas McKeon facilitating that and a separate agreement to end another lawsuit Diallo filed against the New York Post, said the person, who spoke to The Associated Press on the condition of anonymity to discuss the private agreement. A court date is expected next week, though the day wasn't set, the person said.
Strauss-Kahn lawyer William W. Taylor III declined to comment. Lawyers for the housekeeper didn't immediately respond to phone and email messages.
Diallo, 33, and Strauss-Kahn, 63, crossed paths when she arrived to clean his luxury Manhattan hotel suite. She told police he chased her down, tried to yank down her pantyhose and forced her to perform oral sex.
The allegation seemed to let loose a spiral of accusations about the sexual conduct of Strauss-Kahn, a married diplomat and economist who had long been dubbed the "great seducer." He now faces charges linking him to a suspected prostitution ring in his home country.
With DNA evidence showing a sexual encounter and Diallo providing a gripping description of an attack, the Manhattan district attorney's office initially said it had a strong and compelling case. But within six weeks, prosecutors' confidence began to ebb as they said Diallo had lied about her past ? including a false account of a previous rape ? and her actions after leaving Strauss-Kahn's room.
Diallo, who's from Guinea, said she told the truth about their encounter. But the district attorney's office dropped the charges in August 2011, saying prosecutors could no longer ask a jury to believe her.
Diallo had sued Strauss-Kahn in the meantime, with her lawyers saying she would get her day in a different court. Strauss-Kahn called the lawsuit defamatory and countersued her for $1 million.
Her lawsuit against the Post concerned a series of articles that called her a prostitute and said she sold sex at a hotel where the Manhattan DA's office had housed her during the criminal case. The News Corp. newspaper has said it stands by its reporting; a spokeswoman declined to comment Thursday.
In helping resolve the cases, McKeon averted what could have been an ugly court drama.
Strauss-Kahn initially said he had diplomatic immunity, an argument the judge turned down in May. Strauss-Kahn's lawyers had since asked McKeon to throw out part of her claim for other legal reasons. Court records show the judge had yet to rule on that and several other legal issues, and it appeared that a high-stakes step ? depositions, or pretrial questioning under oath ? had not yet been taken. Depositions can give both sides information and a better picture of how strong the key parties and other witnesses might be in court.
While the vast majority of civil cases end in settlements, some legal observers were surprised that the deal between Strauss-Kahn and Diallo came before the legal arguments were resolved.
"I really expected it to go a little farther," said Matthew Galluzzo, a criminal defense lawyer and civil litigator who has been following the Strauss-Kahn case closely.
Still, the case likely had taken a toll on both Diallo, a single mother of a teenage daughter, and Strauss-Kahn, who has found himself plagued by accusations of sexual misconduct that further tarnished his reputation. The Socialist had been seen as a potential leading candidate for the French presidency before his New York arrest.
In France, judges are to decide by Dec. 19 whether to annul charges linking him to a suspected prostitution ring run out of a luxury hotel in Lille. He acknowledges attending "libertine" gatherings but denies knowing that some women present were paid.
In August, a separate case against Strauss-Kahn, centered on allegations of rape in a Washington, D.C., hotel, was dropped after French prosecutors said the accuser, an escort, changed her account to say she wasn't raped.
Soon after Strauss-Kahn's arrest in New York last year, French writer Tristane Banon accused him of attempting to rape her during an interview in 2003, a claim he called imaginary and slanderous. Prosecutors said they believed the encounter qualified as a sexual assault, but the legal timeframe to pursue her complaint had elapsed.
The Associated Press does not name people who report being sexually assaulted unless they come forward publicly, as Diallo and Banon have done.
Strauss-Kahn has separated from his wife, journalist and heiress Anne Sinclair, who stood by him through the allegations in New York. The two said they were filing a lawsuit this summer against a French magazine, citing invasion of privacy, for reporting they had split, but Sinclair later acknowledged it was true.
The New York Times first reported the agreement between Strauss-Kahn and Diallo.
___
Associated Press Writer Colleen Long contributed to this report.
___
Follow Jennifer Peltz at http://twitter.com/jennpeltz
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বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৯ নভেম্বর, ২০১২
NYPD officer hailed for buying boots for homeless man
A New York City police officer is photographed giving boots to a homeless man on Nov. 14. (NYPD/Facebook)
A photo of a New York City police officer kneeling down to give a barefoot homeless man in Times Square a pair of boots on a cold November night is melting even the iciest New Yorkers' hearts online.
On Nov. 14, NYPD officer Lawrence DePrimo, who was on counterterrorism duty in Times Square, saw the older homeless man without shoes sitting on 42nd Street. DePrimo, 25, left and then returned with a pair of $100 boots he bought at a nearby Skechers store.
"It was freezing out, and you could see the blisters on the man's feet," DePrimo, a three-year veteran of the department who lives with his parents on Long Island, told the New York Times. "I had two pairs of socks, and I was still cold."
The random act of kindness was captured by Jennifer Foster, a tourist from Florence, Ariz., who was visiting the city. Foster, communications director for the Pinal County Sheriff's Office in Arizona, emailed the photo to the NYPD with a note commending DePrimo.
"The officer said, 'I have these size 12 boots for you, they are all-weather. Let's put them on and take care of you,'" Foster wrote. "The officer squatted down on the ground and proceeded to put socks and the new boots on this man.
"I have been in law enforcement for 17 years," she continued. "I was never so impressed in my life. ... It is important, I think, for all of us to remember the real reason we are in this line of work. The reminder this officer gave to our profession in his presentation of human kindness has not been lost."
Foster's photo was posted on the NYPD's Facebook page on Tuesday, where it received more than 320,000 "likes," 77,000 "shares" and 20,000 comments?most of them praising DePrimo, who seems to have restored Facebook's faith in humanity.
"This is one hell of a police officer," Desiree Wright-Borden wrote.
"Wow," Jack Horton wrote. "It's nice to know there are still good people out there."
"Angels truly do walk on earth!!!" Charlene Hoffman-Pestell wrote.
Some commenters, though, were skeptical, saying the photo could have been staged.
"Clever stunt!" Louis Zehmke wrote. "The hobo is 'parked' at the entrance of a shoe shop."
But Foster claims DePrimo had no idea he was being photographed: "The officer expected NOTHING in return and did not know I was watching."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/nypd-boots-homeless-man-photo-145219581.html
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Sugar Land Home Listing Photo of the Day: Fireworks Display ...
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Source: http://swamplot.com/sugar-land-home-listing-photo-of-the-day-fireworks-display/2012-11-29/
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Bacteria hijack host cell process, create their own food supply to become infectious
ScienceDaily (Nov. 29, 2012) ? Bacteria that cause the tick-borne disease anaplasmosis in humans create their own food supply by hijacking a process in host cells that normally should help kill the pathogenic bugs, scientists have found.
This bacterium, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap), secretes a protein that can start this process. The protein binds with another protein produced by white blood cells, and that connection creates compartments that siphon host-cell nutrients to feed the bacteria, enabling their growth inside the white blood cells.
The finding defies conventional wisdom about most bacteria, which try to avoid this cellular process. Called autophagy, the process allows a cell to digest parts of itself to produce energy when it is experiencing starvation. But that digestive feature also is enacted by the immune system to help clear away certain intracellular pathogens, including those that cause salmonellosis or shigellosis.
The Ap bacterium, however, launches and then manipulates the autophagy process to its own advantage.
"This study shows how bacteria subvert natural processes," said Yasuko Rikihisa, professor of veterinary biosciences at Ohio State University and lead author of the research. "They are creating their own food supply through a cellular mechanism that hurts other infectious bacteria. And because this process doesn't cause inflammation, they do it very gently, becoming an insider that eventually kills the host cell."
The finding could help identify new targets for drugs to treat this infection, which is a rare but emerging infectious disease that can be lethal for the elderly and people with compromised immune systems. The current first-line treatment is the antibiotic doxycycline.
Also known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis, the disease affects more than 1,000 people per year in the United States, up from just 348 reported cases in 2003, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is transmitted to humans by tick bites primarily from the black-legged tick and the western black-legged tick.
The study appears online this week in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The Ap bacterium secretes substances to perform a process resembling mating to infect host cells, primarily the granulocyte class of white blood cells that fight off invading pathogens. Rikihisa's lab previously identified a protein called Ats-1 that is secreted by Ap bacteria during this process.
In this new study, the researchers found that once inside the host cells, Ats-1 binds to another protein called Beclin 1, which is part of a system of molecules involved in the earliest stages of the autophagy process.
The scientists observed that when the two proteins bind, they create little bubbles known as vesicles. Through a series of experiments, the researchers determined that these bubbles were in fact autophagosomes -- bubble-like compartments that are formed as a cell prepares to undergo autophagy.
They were able to confirm this by imaging the vesicles to determine that they had the tell-tale double membrane characteristic of autophagosomes, and by testing for the presence of other compounds that serve as markers of the initiation of the cell-digesting process.
Under normal circumstances, autophagosomes contain the nutrients that are meant to be digested and recycled for other uses -- but in this case, the bacteria take those nutrients to promote their own growth.
That Ats-1 could start this process on its own represents a rare power for a single protein.
"We believe this is the first bacterial protein that has been found to do this," said Rikihisa, also an investigator in Ohio State's Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center. "Ats-1 initiates an early stage of the autophagosome, then picks up nutrients from the main body of the host cell and closes the layers."
Most of the action of bacterial growth takes place inside a special compartment that typically doesn't contain many nutrients. But after the Ap bacterial protein starts this process of producing autophagosomes that can encase nutrients, these bubbles fuse with the compartment, creating a steady supply of food at the site of bacterial replication and growth.
The researchers showed this by further imaging the bubbles to determine that an autophagy marker protein could be found both inside and outside of the bacterial growth compartments. They also showed that infected cells did not contain any lysosomes, which are cell parts that perform the actual digestion and degradation of foreign bodies during autophagy.
An experiment in mice deficient in the Beclin 1 protein showed that infection levels were much lower if mice had low levels of this protein -- confirming its role in binding with Ats-1 and producing autophagosomes to promote infection. In cell cultures, the researchers also showed that when Ats-1 was overproduced, bacteria grew 10 times more effectively than they did in cells in which an unrelated protein was overproduced.
All of this activity allows the bacteria to remain hidden from the immune system because the induction of autophagy is considered a normal cell function and it does not produce any inflammation, which would recruit infection-fighters to the scene. Instead, the Ap bacteria set themselves up comfortably inside granulocytes and steadily grow for a few days until they rupture their host cells and generate a strong immune response -- which makes an infected person sick.
In one final experiment, Rikihisa and colleagues blocked autophagosome production in Ap-infected cells using an experimental drug called 3-MA. With that process blocked, bacterial growth declined dramatically.
3-MA is toxic to humans, but its effectiveness in blocking the infectious properties of Ap in cells suggests that its structure could serve as the basis for a safe small-molecule drug, Rikihisa said.
"A similar compound could be a potential treatment to inhibit bacterial growth," she said.
Clarifying the power of Ats-1 in inducing autophagy also suggests that this protein could be an important tool in further studies of this complex cell process that remains poorly understood, she added.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.
Co-authors include Hua Niu and Qingming Xiong of Ohio State's Department of Veterinary Biosciences; and Akitsugu Yamamoto of the Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology and Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino of Osaka University, both in Japan.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Ohio State University.
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Journal Reference:
- H. Niu, Q. Xiong, A. Yamamoto, M. Hayashi-Nishino, Y. Rikihisa. Inaugural Article: Autophagosomes induced by a bacterial Beclin 1 binding protein facilitate obligatory intracellular infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218674109
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/7okT8j-zmOY/121129111841.htm
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বুধবার, ২৮ নভেম্বর, ২০১২
Quality Graphic Design Orlando Services - Work On the Internet
Images and designs are very important in any business website. Information delivered in the form of visuals and designs are easy to understand. The online audience can easily search and understand the information that they require. The designers and illustrators are well versed in various aspects of graphics designing and so can plan and develop a wide range of interesting designs for websites, simple to complex. The graphics designers also hold detailed meeting with the clients and take notes of their inputs and requirements about the business websites. This helps them develop a website that is custom designed, which helps the business achieve its objectives and goals.
With the progress and development in the field of mobile technology, many companies offer their expert solutions in mobile application design. Mobile applications are very convenient to use and allow one to access information quickly. There are various applications designed for games, weather updates, business and finance news, email services, location services, and internet access to mention a few. When designing a mobile application, it is important to make sure that it is easy to use and stylish in look. Many mobile websites can even be stored in the mobile home screen in the form of icons, which enable the users to view the website, with just a click of the icon.
Marketing is very important for companies, irrespective of the industry or field that they are occupied. It offers an effective way in helping the company stay ahead of the competition. Many marketing firms specializing in email marketing Melbourne Florida offer great services in promoting the business and the products or services offered. Email marketing is quite convenient and is a great way to reach a large client base within a short time. In cases, wherein the company has launched a new product or service or modified its existing portfolio, marketing can help make the audience aware of the business developments.
The author is an experienced Content writer and publisher for Business Development. Visit at http://www.mobiusinteractive.com/ to know more about Graphic Design Orlando, mobile application design and Email Marketing Melbourne Florida.
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Source: http://www.workoninternet.com/business/reviews/miscellaneous/220285-article.html
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China's party paper falls for Onion joke about Kim
BEIJING (AP) ? The online version of China's Communist Party newspaper has hailed a report by The Onion naming North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un as the "Sexiest Man Alive" ? not realizing it is satire.
The People's Daily on Tuesday ran a 55-page photo spread on its website in a tribute to the round-faced leader, under the headline "North Korea's top leader named The Onion's Sexiest Man Alive for 2012."
Quoting the Onion's spoof report, the Chinese newspaper wrote, "''With his devastatingly handsome, round face, his boyish charm, and his strong, sturdy frame, this Pyongyang-bred heartthrob is every woman's dream come true."
"Blessed with an air of power that masks an unmistakable cute, cuddly side, Kim made this newspaper's editorial board swoon with his impeccable fashion sense, chic short hairstyle, and, of course, that famous smile," the People's Daily cited The Onion as saying.
The photos the People's Daily selected include Kim on horseback squinting into the light and Kim waving toward a military parade. In other photos, he is wearing sunglasses and smiling, or touring a facility with his wife.
People's Daily could not immediately be reached for comment. A man who answered the phone at the newspaper's duty office said he did not know anything about the report and requested queries be directed to their newsroom on Wednesday morning.
It is not the first time a state-run Chinese newspaper has fallen for a fictional report by The Onion.
In 2002, the Beijing Evening News, one of the capital city's biggest tabloids at the time, published as news the fictional account that the U.S. Congress wanted a new building and that it might leave Washington. The Onion article was a deadpan spoof of the way sports teams threaten to leave cities in order to get new stadiums.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-party-paper-falls-onion-joke-kim-134325353.html
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Thursday, November 29th, 2012 - Sonoma State University Fall Dance Concert
International: Visit Sonoma (English)? | Visita Sonoma (Espa?ol)? | Visite Sonoma (Fran?ais)? | Sonoma Besuchen (Deutsch)? | Visit Sonoma (Japanese)
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Source: http://www.sonomacounty.com/ncal/index.php?com=detail&eID=45971
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মঙ্গলবার, ২৭ নভেম্বর, ২০১২
Health and Fitness through Drug Therapy Centers North Carolina
North Carolina, just like quite a few other states while in the US has seen an exponential increase in cases of drug trafficking inside the last decade. This is a significant concern for quite a few drug addiction remedy centers within the Carolina state. The continuous influx of migrants into this region, the big rural region, mountainous terrain, an worldwide airport and the ever raising amount of interlinking highways are just but a representation of some of the components that have contributed to the scenarios of drug trafficking right here. The many most illicit and addictive drugs could be gotten here. North Carolina drug remedy clinics have also witnessed an upsurge within the amount of people seeking counseling and physiotherapy help pertaining to drug abuse. The state has in the past enacted several laws to handle this menace nonetheless it appears elements are usually not just working out. Let us search at some of the normally used addictive drugs here;
Cocaine
Not merely is cocaine commonly used here in North Carolina but the state also acts as a shipment links to several other destinations including Pennsylvania and Virginia. This drug is again smuggled using many avenues with vans, automobiles and campers becoming the most prevalent. The postal corporation here has also been brought towards the light as obtaining facilitated numerous instances of drug trafficking and smuggling. Cocaine is generally sold in crack type that is easy to smoke. Street gangs command the business. Some of the effects which have been reported as a result of the use of this drug incorporate violence, thefts, crimes as well as an increase in the range of street gangs.
Heroine
While the use of heroine is cutting down in the past few years according to most drug treatment centers North Carolina companies, its prevalence can't just be overlooked in any respect. The use of heroine has in truth been noticed while in the inner cities. Even with the increase in purity, decrease rates and availability, the use of heroine has been escalating steadily here in North Carolina. Private and commercial automobiles are the most typically used carriers for this product. Once more, cocaine trafficking is also managed by unique street gangs.
Methamphetamine
As outlined by drug use statistics during the US, the use of this drug in North Carolina is to the rise in different components of the state. Smuggling of this drug is mostly overseen by cartels. The major sources of the drug in the US include things like Chicago, Texas, Colorado, California, and Florida. Despite the fact that several legislations have been passed to curb the rising use of this drug, really tiny good results continues to be recognized.
Club medication
While in the final couple of years, the use of Club drugs is to the increase right here in North Carolina. Some of the drugs which might be commonly trafficked through rave parties and evening outs involve MDMA, LSD, PCP and Ketamine. Some colleges and Universities have also reported some moderate provide of this drug. These drugs are again being brought into North Carolina through the use of Postal providers.
So that you can curb the use of these medication and offer counseling support to drug consumers, many teams happen to be setup to cater for drug therapy in North Carolina. Lack of enough legal enforcement approaches has however impaired the achievement of any successes this far.
Source: http://disease-illness-info.blogspot.com/2012/11/health-and-fitness-through-drug-therapy.html
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Flexible, low-voltage circuits made using nanocrystals
ScienceDaily (Nov. 26, 2012) ? Electronic circuits are typically integrated in rigid silicon wafers, but flexibility opens up a wide range of applications. In a world where electronics are becoming more pervasive, flexibility is a highly desirable trait, but finding materials with the right mix of performance and manufacturing cost remains a challenge.
Now a team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that nanoscale particles, or nanocrystals, of the semiconductor cadmium selenide can be "printed" or "coated" on flexible plastics to form high-performance electronics.
The research was led by David Kim, a doctoral student in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Penn's School of Engineering and Applied Science; Yuming Lai, a doctoral student in the Engineering School's Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering; and professor Cherie Kagan, who has appointments in both departments as well as in the School of Arts and Sciences' Department of Chemistry. Benjamin Diroll, a doctoral student in chemistry, and Penn Integrates Knowledge Professor Christopher Murray of Materials Science and of Chemistry also collaborated on the research.
Their work was published in the journal Nature Communications.
"We have a performance benchmark in amorphous silicon, which is the material that runs the display in your laptop, among other devices," Kagan said. "Here, we show that these cadmium selenide nanocrystal devices can move electrons 22 times faster than in amorphous silicon."
Besides speed, another advantage cadmium selenide nanocrystals have over amorphous silicon is the temperature at which they are deposited. Whereas amorphous silicon uses a process that operates at several hundred degrees, cadmium selenide nanocrystals can be deposited at room temperature and annealed at mild temperatures, opening up the possibility of using more flexible plastic foundations.
Another innovation that allowed the researchers to use flexible plastic was their choice of ligands, the chemical chains that extend from the nanocrystals' surfaces and helps facilitate conductivity as they are packed together into a film.
"There have been a lot of electron transport studies on cadmium selenide, but until recently we haven't been able to get good performance out of them," Kim said. "The new aspect of our research was that we used ligands that we can translate very easily onto the flexible plastic; other ligands are so caustic that the plastic actually melts."
Because the nanocrystals are dispersed in an ink-like liquid, multiple types of deposition techniques can be used to make circuits. In their study, the researchers used spincoating, where centrifugal force pulls a thin layer of the solution over a surface, but the nanocrystals could be applied through dipping, spraying or ink-jet printing as well.
On a flexible plastic sheet a bottom layer of electrodes was patterned using a shadow mask -- essentially a stencil -- to mark off one level of the circuit. The researchers then used the stencil to define small regions of conducting gold to make the electrical connections to upper levels that would form the circuit. An insulating aluminum oxide layer was introduced and a 30-nanometer layer of nanocrystals was coated from solution. Finally, electrodes on the top level were deposited through shadow masks to ultimately form the circuits.
"The more complex circuits are like buildings with multiple floors," Kagan said. "The gold acts like staircases that the electrons can use to travel between those floors."
Using this process, the researchers built three kinds of circuits to test the nanocrystals performance for circuit applications: an inverter, an amplifier and a ring oscillator.
"An inverter is the fundamental building block for more complex circuits," Lai said. "We can also show amplifiers, which amplify the signal amplitude in analog circuits, and ring oscillators, where 'on' and 'off' signals are properly propagating over multiple stages in digital circuits."
"And all of these circuits operate with a couple of volts," Kagan said. "If you want electronics for portable devices that are going to work with batteries, they have to operate at low voltage or they won't be useful."
With the combination of flexibility, relatively simple fabrication processes and low power requirements, these cadmium selenide nanocrystal circuits could pave the way for new kinds of devices and pervasive sensors, which could have biomedical or security applications.
"This research also opens up the possibility of using other kinds of nanocrystals, as we've shown the materials aspect is not a limitation any more," Kim said.
The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Pennsylvania.
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Journal Reference:
- David K. Kim, Yuming Lai, Benjamin T. Diroll, Christopher B. Murray, Cherie R. Kagan. Flexible and low-voltage integrated circuits constructed from high-performance nanocrystal transistors. Nature Communications, 2012; 3: 1216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2218
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Should You Use Flash In Your Web Design
In today?s computer age, if you want your business to acquire status and gain customer recognition, then web presence has become a compelling necessity. Doing it yourself won?t be an option if you don?t have the skills, and you may not want to use a template since your website would look like countless others. Web design and development services are deployed for not just website development but also for developing dynamic and interactive web apps that allows users to connect with companies and in return companies can expand their businesses through online communities and networks. Its not a secret that many users may be lazy now and then. SEO also known as search engine optimization is a tactic wherein informative content is added to a website that includes keyword phrases that relate to the type of products or services that your company offers.
Realize you Requirements: you can easily employ a contractor for your site?s planning and implementing your requirements and maintaining them. This very fact has attracted millions of students towards the field of web designing and prompted them to undergo some or the other web design training. Web design, web development and SEO services give boost to the business by increasing your website visitors and sales simultaneously. Moreover, businesses should hire a Philadelphia web design firm that delivers services based on the feedback provided by the client and does the necessary changes whenever required. Hence, before starting designing a website its goal must be clearly known and accordingly it must be designed.
You may also recommend your own ideas to the designer to help keep your internet site customized. A professional website design agency London is bound to have in-depth knowledge of the various industry standard technologies to offer its customers impressive websites. However, as the time has passed, the focus has changed dramatically. This is something that Web Design firms need to take into account when designing web pages, so make sure the one you chooses does this. Therefore, for those who want to ensure they are avoiding some of the most common mistakes, here are some tips that can help with these objectives.
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Users must see that your company is genuine or theyre not going to work with you. If you don?t, tomorrow you may find yourself pitted against competitors who?re utilizing this venue to its full potential, and trust us, it will be a lost fight for you. You should not push away different groups of users when youre trying to sell them your products and services. They provide ease of use for fingertip navigation to suit the needs of the website as well as users. Further to stand out, you have to create classy website design for your business.
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But the homepage of the grab must give the entire contents of products or services at once. It is necessary to check the mobile version of website on regular basis.
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Global first: Brit visits all 201 states without flying
A British adventurer has become the first person to travel to all 201 sovereign states in the world without flying, ending his four-year odyssey early Monday when he arrived in South Sudan, the world?s newest nation.
Graham Hughes has used buses, boats, taxis, trains, and his own two feet ? but never an airplane ? to travel 160,000 miles in exactly 1,426 days, spending an average of less than $100 a week.
?I love travel, and I guess my reason for doing it was I wanted to see if this could be done, by one person traveling on a shoestring,? Mr. Hughes tells the Monitor Monday by telephone from Juba, South Sudan?s capital. ?I think I also wanted to show that the world is not some big, scary place, but in fact is full of people who want to help you even if you are a stranger.?
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Hughes, 33, set out from his home in Liverpool in northern England on New Year?s Day 2009.
Since then, he has visited all 193 United Nations member states plus Taiwan, Vatican City, Palestine, Kosovo, Western Sahara, and the four home nations of the United Kingdom.
GUINNESS CONFIRMED
Guinness World Records have confirmed that Hughes, who has been filming the trip for a documentary and raising money for a charity called Water Aid, is the first person to achieve this feat without flying.
?The main feeling today is just one of intense gratitude to every person around the world who helped me get here, by giving me a lift, letting me stay on their couch, or pointing me in the right direction,? Hughes said Monday. ?There were times, sitting in a bus station in Cambodia at one in the morning, riding some awful truck over bad roads, when I thought, why am I doing this? But there was always a reason to keep going.?
Highlights were swimming in a lake of jellyfish in the Pacific archipelago of Palau, watching one of NASA?s last Space Shuttle launches, and dancing with the jungle tribes of Papua New Guinea.
?People asked me how I was going to get to Afghanistan or Iraq or North Korea, but they were the easy ones, you don?t even need a visa for Iraq, you just walk across the border from Turkey,? he says.
?The really tough ones were places like Nauru, and the Maldives and the Seychelles, island countries where there were also sometimes pirate threats.?
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To cross oceans, Hughes hitched lifts with cargo ships. He spent four days in an open fishing canoe from Senegal to Cape Verde, and was then arrested when he arrived.
Later, officials in the Democratic Republic of Congo jailed him for six days believing he was a spy.
?None of this put me off, it just made me more bloody-minded to succeed,? he says.
DEATH IN THE FAMILY
The hardest point, ?when I just wanted to give up,? he remembers, was after his older sister, Nicola, died from cancer two years ago at the age of 39. Hughes rushed home to see her before she died.
?She told me not to stop the trip, but I was at a real low point. I?d done 184 countries and had only 17 to go and I thought why not leave it there,? he says. The memory of his sister spurred him on, as did the people that he met as he traveled and the money he was raising for Water Aid, which works to bring clean water to people in the developing world.
?If you take everything that you know of the world from the news, it?s all the bad stuff and you get very paranoid that everyone is out to get you,? he says. ?But the most amazing thing to me is that everyone I met looked after me and I didn?t even know them.?
Hughes plans to stay in South Sudan only until Wednesday. But he will not then be flying home.
He says to ?keep in the spirit of the adventure? he will continue through Africa and across Europe by bus and boat, aiming to return home to Liverpool by ferry from Ireland in time for Christmas.
?Someone wrote to me and pointed out that this would be the trip of a lifetime for most people, but for me it?s essentially just the bus home,? he says. After a long rest, he says he will then begin exploring options to continue with a career in film-making.
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/global-first-brit-visits-201-states-without-flying-183243870.html
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US science could face fiscal cliff doom
The American science programs that landed the first man on the moon, found cures for deadly diseases and bred crops that feed the world now face the possibility of becoming relics in the story of human progress.
American scientific research and development stands to lose thousands of jobs and face a starvation diet of reduced funding if politicians fail to compromise and halt the United States' march towards the fiscal cliff's sequestration of federal funds.
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Science editor Alan Boyle's blog: The climate change issue has been virtually a non-issue during the presidential campaign ? but it's primed to take a higher profile after the elections, in part due to Hurricane Sandy's horrific aftermath.
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NEWS: What's the Fiscal Cliff?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 1,082,370 U.S. citizens employed in the life sciences, such as biology and genetics, as well as physical and social sciences. Of these, approximately 31,000 stand to lose their jobs if sequestration takes place, according to a study conducted for the Aerospace Industries Association by Steve Fuller, director of the Center for Regional Analysis and professor of public policy at George Mason University.
These potential job losses represent approximately 3 percent of the total life, physical and social science jobs in the United States.
The possible $56.7 billion cut to the the Department of Defense (DOD) budget may result in 14,982 lost science jobs out of a total 325,693 lost, or 4.6 percent of the total DOD jobs cut, according to Fuller's report. Reducing the budgets of other agencies, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, by $59 billion could result in 15,980 science jobs lost, or 3.8 percent of the 420,529 total non-DOD jobs destroyed.
Unfortunately, the loss of research and development jobs is only the tip of the unemployment iceberg the fiscal cliff could create if scientific progress loses funding.
"The 31,000 figure does not include the indirect job losses, such as subcontractors, suppliers and vendors, or the induced job impacts," Fuller told Discovery News. "Induced jobs are those supported by employee's spending on goods and services, so these are unlikely to be STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) type jobs but rather retail, consumer services, education and health, construction and those types of occupations.
"The direct jobs are clearly the immediate losses and encompass most of the STEM-type jobs," said Fuller. "There will be some subcontractor job losses, including some STEM type jobs. For DOD contracts in general, subcontractor jobs are about 26 percent of the total where the direct jobs are about 30 percent. The remaining job losses, 44 percent, are induced."
NEWS: Fiscal Cliff: Just the Facts
Job losses would be spread across the nation, but certain states would be hit harder than others. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) calculated that California would lose the most research and development funding, with a $11.3 million loss. Maryland, Virginia, Massachusetts and Washington D.C. rounded out the list of top five biggest losers.
"We won't really know where the job losses will be until they happen," said Matthew Hourihan, director of the AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program, "but it will probably be most acute in those states with the most knowledge-intensive workforces, since most of these are substantial performers of federally funded science."
"Not only would research itself suffer, but the cutbacks would likely have ripple effects into the future, as young scientists and science students would have fewer opportunities," said Hourihan. "So the immediate and direct job losses don't really tell the full story, because you'll also have fewer opportunities for new jobs."
The job losses from the fiscal cliff would be tragic enough by themselves, but the loss would also set America further behind other nations in the race towards scientific and technological leadership. The nation which led the race to the moon could find itself looking up to nations it once left Earthbound.
"Sequestration would be dropping an anchor on the science enterprise, while many others are setting their sails," said Hourihan. "As an example, here are some factoids derived from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development data: since 1999, the US has increased the research intensity of its economy by 10 percent. Over the same period, research intensity in Israel, Finland, and Germany have grown about twice as fast. In Taiwan, it's grown five times as fast. In South Korea, it's grown six times as fast. In China, the number two funder behind us, it's grown ten times as fast."
NEWS: Obama Hints at New Drive on Climate Change
Although he notes it is impossible to put an exact time line on how far back the fiscal cliff's sequestration would set back American science, Hourihan suggests agencies like the National Institute of Health could be set back by a decade or more.
A scarcity of federal research dollars means organizations will have to say no to more promising research. A report by the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) presented figures stating that the National Science Foundation could lose $586 million, which would result in the grant proposal success rate dropping from 22 percent to 16 percent. The National Institutes of Health would likely fund 700 fewer grants as a result of a $2.5 billion cut, which would represent a drop in the proposal success rate from 19 to 14 percent.
"This means that researchers start spending more time writing grants to keep their labs running and their lab personnel employed," said Robert Gropp, director of public policy at the AIBS. "In essence, they start doing less science ? there time is going to preserving funding. This can certainly slow scientific progress."
Gropp noted that the sequestration cuts would come on top of cuts that some agencies have been taking for a number of years. Funding for the U.S. Geological Survey, for example, has been essentially flat for a number of years. So, another deep cut is going to have a significant impact on the agency.
ANALYSIS: Most Americans Favor Action on Climate Change
New science may be delayed because of the importance of sustaining data monitoring for existing programs, said Gropp. Like the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass, it will take all the running scientists can do just to stay in place monitoring the data coming in from existing programs. Cutting funding hamstrings scientists ability to run even faster and move forward.
"I think the federal agencies and the congressional appropriators have worked hard to carefully evaluate scientific research programs," said Gropp. "I think they have made the cuts to programs that were underperforming or of lower priority. I am not sure that there is much more that can be cut without very real and long-term negative ramifications."
? 2012 Discovery Channel
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/49958870/ns/technology_and_science-science/
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Peter Suderman On Walmart - Business Insider
Agree with all this. However, one source of money to fund the increase in Walmart worker pay is ignored... the company's profits.
Walmart does not have to make as much as it does. If could choose to reinvest more in its 1 million workers and in the communities in which they live.
Yes, some of this would come out of shareholders's pockets. But a lot of it would be reinvested back in the company in the form of revenue (employees would spend a lot of their incremental earnings at Walmart) and in reduced turnover.
American corporations are earning the highest profits in history--at the expense of their rank and file workers.
Intelligent capitalism does not just exist to serve "shareholders." It serves all three constituencies--customers, shareholders, and employees. Walmart and other American companies should reinvest their excess profits in their people.
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/the-truth-about-wal-mart-2012-11
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Video: NBA cheerleader on nasty fall: ?Day by day it gets better?
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Source: http://video.today.msnbc.msn.com/today/49954930/
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MechBass robot nails bass guitar sounds with Arduino and a stone cold groove (video)
End-of-year engineering school projects often pique our interest for their creativity. It's not every day that they can carry a bassline, however. James McVay's robot project for his honors year at the Victoria University of Wellington, the supremely well-named MechBass, wouldn't have much trouble keeping up with a favorite band. It centers on a custom, Arduino-compatible board that controls the plucking, fretting and damping of four strings to faithfully recreate bass guitar sounds from MIDI input. The design even accounts for the unwanted noises of actuators and motors, while virtually everything was either 3D-printed or laser-cut just for the task at hand. Sounds good? There's more in the pipeline: an upcoming Swivel robot will experiment with different playing techniques, and McVay ultimately sees his work teaching us about robotic music's interaction with human performers. For now, we'll be happy with the video after the break and hope that MechBass takes requests.
Source: Hack A Day
Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/25/mechbass-robot-nails-the-bass-guitar-sound-with-arduino/
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Two powers, Qatar and Iran, try to sway Hamas
FILE- In this Tuesday, Oct. 23, 2012 file photo, Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani waves to the crowd as he and and Gaza's Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh, not pictured, arrive for corner-stone laying ceremony of a Qatari funded rehabilitation center in Gaza City. (AP Photo/Hatem Moussa, Pool, File)
FILE- In this Tuesday, Oct. 23, 2012 file photo, Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani waves to the crowd as he and and Gaza's Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh, not pictured, arrive for corner-stone laying ceremony of a Qatari funded rehabilitation center in Gaza City. (AP Photo/Hatem Moussa, Pool, File)
FILE- In this Tuesday, Oct. 23, 2012 file photo, the Emir of Qatar Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, second right, and Gaza's Hamas Prime minister Ismail Haniyeh, third left, arrive for the corner-stone laying ceremony of a new center providing artificial limbs, in Bait Lahiya, northern Gaza Strip. (AP Photo/Ali Ali, Pool, File)
In this picture taken on Friday, Nov. 16, 2012, an Iranian female worshipper holds an anti-Israeli placard, in a pro-Palestinian demonstration after Friday prayer, in Tehran, Iran. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
In this picture taken on Friday, Nov. 16, 2012, Iranian worshippers hold posters showing supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, in a pro-Palestinian demonstration after Friday prayer, in Tehran, Iran. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) ? The courtship of Hamas between rivals Iran and Qatar has been one of the Middle East's intriguing subplots of the Arab Spring. The bloodshed in Gaza has now sharpened their competition for influence with the Palestinian militant group and the direction it takes in the future.
Qatar has sought to use its vast wealth to win over Hamas with investments and humanitarian aid and encouraging Arab partners to do the same ? part of the hyper-rich U.S. allied nation's broader campaign to bring under its wing Islamist movements that have risen to power in the region the past two years. Qatar's influence with Hamas could edge it away from armed action toward diplomacy.
Iran, meanwhile, is invigorating its longtime role as the builder of the rocket arsenal for Hamas' military wing.
For Hamas, there are benefits in both directions ? and it's happy to play both sides. During a celebration rally in Gaza City after an Egyptian-mediated cease-fire came into place ending fighting between Israel and Hamas, Gazans wildly waved flags of Qatar, along with those of Egypt and Turkey, in gratitude for those countries' diplomatic support.
At the same time, Hamas' leader-in-exile Khaled Mashaal, who is based out of Qatar, gave a very public thanks to Iran for standing by Gaza with crucial military assistance. Fighters in Gaza also hailed the new reach of their arsenal, with Iranian-designed Fajr-5 rattling Israel by reaching the outskirts of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.
Visiting the Syrian capital Damascus on Friday, Iran's parliament speaker Ali Larijani, who is close to the country's supreme leader, promised leaders of Palestinian militant groups that his country would continue to boost "the resistance's capabilities in confronting the Zionist arrogance and aggression," according to Palestinian official Khaled Abdul-Hamid, who attended the meeting.
The reminder of Hamas' reliance on Iran for weapons could help smooth a relationship that has been running through a rough patch because of the civil war in Syria, Iran's top ally.
Embarrassed by the Syrian regime's crackdown on a mainly Sunni Muslim uprising, Hamas leaders based in Damascus for years broke with Syria and left for Qatar and Egypt. Though Iran continued to send weapons to Hamas, the break undermined the "Axis of Resistance" grouping Syria, Hezbollah and Hamas that Iran has assembled in the Arab world.
It's doubtful Iran can fully reclaim its position as the main big brother for Hamas. But Tehran's image is certain to receive some lingering boost in Gaza.
For Hamas, hyper-rich Qatar is a political and economic lifeline, a key part of the militant group's attempts to bolster its ties with the Western-backed Gulf states in efforts gain more international legitimacy. Last month, Qatar's emir became the first head of state to visit the Gaza Strip since Hamas took control five years ago. The Gulf state pledged nearly $500 million in aid and a song called "Thank you, Qatar" played on Gaza radio and TV as the emir was given a hero's welcome.
During the heat of the Gaza battle the past week, Qatar's prime minister gave a blistering dressing down to the Arab League during an emergency meeting, saying Arab nations had to do more to fight Gaza's poverty and isolation than just pass resolutions.
"We can't give hope without delivering," Sheik Hamad Bin Jassem Al Thani told the gathering last week in Cairo.
Two days after his outburst at the Arab League meeting in Cairo, Sheik Hamad suggested that his country would be willing to open dialogue with Israel on a long-term Gaza truce if it leads to lifting the blockade. The Arab Spring, he added, has made Israel feel more vulnerable, but also perhaps more ready to make deals.
"We need to talk with everyone to reach a comprehensive peace," he told CNN on Monday.
For Qatar, the outreach to Gaza also is part of far wider ambitions to become a major policy-shaper in the Middle East. The tiny Gulf nation has emerged as a strong backer of the Muslim Brotherhood, which has risen to power in Tunisia and Egypt after the fall of those countries' autocratic leaders in early 2011.
In February, Qatar brokered talks between Hamas' Mashaal and his longtime rival, internationally backed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.
Qatar has also sought to influence Syria's rebels. This month, it hosted Syrian opposition groups in a breakthrough effort to unite rebel factions under one coalition, which has opened the way for greater international recognition and promises of aid. Qatar had led calls to supply Syrian rebels with heavy weapons to counter air and tank attacks by Bashar Assad's forces. Qatar also was a key backer of the Libyan uprising.
On Thursday, Qatar also invited the newly formed Syrian opposition coalition to appoint its ambassador to the Gulf state, the Qatari news agency reported.
Salman Shaikh, director of The Brookings Doha Center in Qatar, said it's not a matter of "having to go all for Iran or all for Qatar.'
"What Qatar is trying to do is change the reality. They are trying to blaze a trail that will weaken the international isolation of Gaza from the Israeli blockade," he said.
Qatar has so far stopped short of offering any kind of military support for Gaza to avoid a rift with Washington, Israel's most powerful ally.
Iran takes a very different view.
Officials in Tehran boasted this week about its longtime arms support for Hamas militants ? part of Iran's bookend strategy to equip anti-Israel factions in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon on Israel's northern border.
Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari, the head of the Revolutionary Guard, said Iran supplied fighters in Gaza with the technology to "quickly" produce the Fajr-5 missiles. The statement fits with previous Iranian denials that it is not directly sending missiles to Gaza, but suggests close coordination on construction and movement of supplies, presumably through the smugglers' tunnels linking Gaza and Egypt.
The Gaza fighting, at the least, bought Iran some restored street credibility as its image was battered by its backing for the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad.
"The war with Israel reminded Hamas that Israel is the main issue not Syria," said Heshmatollah Falahatpisheh, a professor in politics in Tehran's Allameh University.
But Hamid Reza Shokouhi, editor of Iran's independent Mardomsalari daily, said the bump in Iran's popularity with Gazans could be only "short-term." He questioned whether Iran could sustain its influence in Gaza against the almost unlimited resources of Qatar and its Gulf partners.
Iran's Foreign Ministry and a parliamentary committee have applied for permission to visit Gaza in the coming weeks via the border crossing with Egypt, said Hasan Qashqavi, deputy foreign minister in charge of consular affairs.
Qatar's prime minister said the competition for influence is Gaza only likely to intensify as other nations such as Turkey and Egypt reach out.
"We are not trying to take Hamas from anybody else, from Iran or others," he said in the CNN interview. "Hamas, they have to decide for themselves. I think they are pretty mature to decide for themselves."
___
Associated Press writer Nasser Karimi in Tehran, Iran, contributed to this report.
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'Dallas' star Larry Hagman dies in Texas
In this Thursday, Oct. 9, 2008 photo, actor Larry Hagman listens to a reporter's question while visiting the Southfork Ranch in Parker, Texas, made famous in the television show "Dallas." Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012(AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez)
In this Thursday, Oct. 9, 2008 photo, actor Larry Hagman listens to a reporter's question while visiting the Southfork Ranch in Parker, Texas, made famous in the television show "Dallas." Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012(AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez)
This 1981 file photo provided by CBS shows Larry Hagman in character as J.R. Ewing in the television series "Dallas." Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012. (AP Photo/CBS, file)
FILE - This 1967 file photo shows Barbara Eden, left, and Larry Hagman in a scene from the television show "I Dream of Jeannie." Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012. (AP Photo/NBC, file)
FILE - In this Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2003 file photo, actor Larry Hagman sits in front of a poster of himself during a news conference in Berlin during a tour to promote the German translation of his autobiography. Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber)
FILE - In this Nov. 4, 2011 file photo, actor Larry Hagman pauses during an interview on location during the filming for the upcoming new television show "Dallas" in Dallas. Actor Larry Hagman, who for more than a decade played villainous patriarch JR Ewing in the TV soap Dallas, has died at the age of 81, his family said Saturday Nov. 24, 2012. (AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez, File)
J.R. Ewing was a business cheat, faithless husband and bottomless well of corruption. Yet with his sparkling grin, Larry Hagman masterfully created the charmingly loathsome oil baron ? and coaxed forth a Texas-size gusher of ratings ? on television's long-running and hugely successful nighttime soap, "Dallas."
Although he first gained fame as nice guy Capt. Tony Nelson on the fluffy 1965-70 NBC comedy "I Dream of Jeannie," Hagman earned his greatest stardom with J.R. The CBS serial drama about the Ewing family and those in their orbit aired from April 1978 to May 1991, and broke viewing records with its "Who shot J.R.?" 1980 cliffhanger that left unclear if Hagman's character was dead.
The actor, who returned as J.R. in a new edition of "Dallas" this year, had a long history of health problems and died Friday due to complications from his battle with cancer, his family said.
"Larry was back in his beloved hometown of Dallas, re-enacting the iconic role he loved the most. Larry's family and closest friends had joined him in Dallas for the Thanksgiving holiday," the family said in a statement that was provided to The Associated Press by Warner Bros., producer of the show.
The 81-year-old actor was surrounded by friends and family before he passed peacefully, "just as he'd wished for," the statement said.
Linda Gray, his on-screen wife and later ex-wife in the original series and the sequel, was among those with Hagman in his final moments in a Dallas hospital, said her publicist, Jeffrey Lane.
"He brought joy to everyone he knew. He was creative, generous, funny, loving and talented, and I will miss him enormously. He was an original and lived life to the fullest," the actress said.
Years before "Dallas," Hagman had gained TV fame on "I Dream of Jeannie," in which he played an astronaut whose life is disrupted when he finds a comely genie, portrayed by Barbara Eden, and takes her home to live with him.
Eden recalled late Friday shooting the series' pilot "in the frigid cold" on a Malibu beach.
"From that day, for five more years, Larry was the center of so many fun, wild and sometimes crazy times. And in retrospect, memorable moments that will remain in my heart forever," Eden said.
Hagman also starred in two short-lived sitcoms, "The Good Life" (NBC, 1971-72) and "Here We Go Again" (ABC, 1973). His film work included well-regarded performances in "The Group," ''Harry and Tonto" and "Primary Colors."
But it was Hagman's masterful portrayal of J.R. that brought him the most fame. And the "Who shot J.R.?" story twist fueled international speculation and millions of dollars in betting-parlor wagers. It also helped give the series a place in ratings history.
When the answer was revealed in a November 1980 episode, an average 41 million U.S. viewers tuned in to make "Dallas" one of the most-watched entertainment shows of all time, trailing only the "MASH" finale in 1983 with 50 million viewers.
It was J.R.'s sister-in-law, Kristin (Mary Crosby) who plugged him ? he had made her pregnant, then threatened to frame her as a prostitute unless she left town ? but others had equal motivation.
Hagman played Ewing as a bottomless well of corruption with a charming grin: a business cheat and a faithless husband who tried to get his alcoholic wife, Sue Ellen (Gray), institutionalized.
"I know what I want on J.R.'s tombstone," Hagman said in 1988. "It should say: 'Here lies upright citizen J.R. Ewing. This is the only deal he ever lost.'"
On Friday night, Victoria Principal, who co-starred in the original series, recalled Hagman as "bigger than life, on-screen and off. He is unforgettable, and irreplaceable, to millions of fans around the world, and in the hearts of each of us, who was lucky enough to know and love him."
Ten episodes of the new edition of "Dallas" aired this past summer and proved a hit for TNT. Filming was in progress on the sixth episode of season two, which is set to begin airing Jan. 28, the network said.
There was no immediate comment from Warner or TNT on how the series would deal with Hagman's loss.
In 2006, he did a guest shot on FX's drama series "Nip/Tuck," playing a macho business mogul. He also got new exposure in recent years with the DVD releases of "I Dream of Jeannie" and "Dallas."
The Fort Worth, Texas, native was the son of singer-actress Mary Martin, who starred in such classics as "South Pacific" and "Peter Pan." Martin was still in her teens when he was born in 1931 during her marriage to attorney Ben Hagman.
As a youngster, Hagman gained a reputation for mischief-making as he was bumped from one private school to another. He made a stab at New York theater in the early 1950s, then served in the Air Force from 1952-56 in England.
While there, he met and married young Swedish designer Maj Axelsson. The couple had two children, Preston and Heidi, and were longtime residents of the Malibu beach colony that is home to many celebrities.
Hagman returned to acting and found work in the theater and in such TV series as "The U.S. Steel Hour," ''The Defenders" and "Sea Hunt." His first continuing role was as lawyer Ed Gibson on the daytime serial "The Edge of Night" (1961-63).
He called his 2001 memoir "Hello Darlin': Tall (and Absolutely True) Tales about My Life."
"I didn't put anything in that I thought was going to hurt someone or compromise them in any way," he told The Associated Press at the time.
Hagman was diagnosed in 1992 with cirrhosis of the liver and acknowledged that he had drank heavily for years. In 1995, a malignant tumor was discovered on his liver and he underwent a transplant.
After his transplant, he became an advocate for organ donation and volunteered at a hospital to help frightened patients.
"I counsel, encourage, meet them when they come in for their operations, and after," he said in 1996. "I try to offer some solace, like 'Don't be afraid, it will be a little uncomfortable for a brief time, but you'll be OK.' "
He also was an anti-smoking activist who took part in "Great American Smoke-Out" campaigns.
Funeral plans were not immediately announced.
"I can honestly say that we've lost not just a great actor, not just a television icon, but an element of pure Americana," Eden said in her statement Friday night. "Goodbye, Larry. There was no one like you before and there will never be anyone like you again."
___
Associated Press writers Erin Gartner in Chicago and Shaya Mohajer in Los Angeles, and AP Television Writer Frazier Moore in New York contributed to this report.
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